Vascular plants
Vascular Plants Vascular plants
Plants producing seeds (Spermatophyta)
Ovules (and seeds) enclosed within carpels (fruits); the carpels bearing stigmas upon which the pollen lodges. Pollen produced in the anthers of stamens. Carpels and stamens usually surrounded by a perianth; the whole constituting a flower which may be uni- or bi-sexual (= angiosperms) Magnoliophyta
Flowers usually 4- or 5-merous (rarely 3-merous, when the plants are usually branching trees, shrubs or parasitic twiners). Leaf venation usually reticulate. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers Magnoliopsida
Flowers usually 3-merous. Leaf venation usually parallel. Embryo with 1 cotyledon Plants usually herbaceous rarely woody and then ± unbranched) Liliopsida