Osmundaceae >
Sporangia non-soral, exindusiate, in oblong or oval patches which are later mostly confluent. Stipes with 2 basal flap-like expansions. Terrestrial, often arborescent ferns with short, hard, erect, non-scaly trunks or rhizomes Osmundaceae
Mature fronds membranous or herbaceous, transparent, dark green, usually 0.3–1.4 m long including the stipes; stomates absent. Sporangia clustered on the basal and middle regions of the minor veinlets in oblong or irregular patches, much less abundant than in Todea Leptopteris