Magnoliophyta
Ovules (and seeds) enclosed within carpels (fruits); the carpels bearing stigmas upon which the pollen lodges. Pollen produced in the anthers of stamens. Carpels and stamens usually surrounded by a perianth; the whole constituting a flower which may be uni- or bi-sexual (= angiosperms) Magnoliophyta
Flowers usually 4- or 5-merous (rarely 3-merous, when the plants are usually branching trees, shrubs or parasitic twiners). Leaf venation usually reticulate. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers Magnoliopsida
Flowers and fruits not as above
Flowers not arranged as above
Stems green, jointed, ridged; leaves reduced to a whorl of scale-like teeth at each joint Casuarinaceae
Bracteoles of cone thickly woody, convex and with a dorsal protuberance; not extending well beyond the cone body. Mature nut reddish brown to black, glossy. Teeth on the branchlets in whorls of 4–14 Allocasuarina
Surface of branchlet ridges uneven. Trees
Surface of branchlet ridges smooth, may be pubescent with tiny hairs in A. distyla and A. paludosa. Trees or shrubs