Gymnosperms >
Ovules (and seeds) borne naked on sporophylls (or on scales projecting from sporophylls, which are usually arranged in cones. Microsporophylls bearing the pollen sacs also arranged in cones. Pollen deposited directly on the ovule Gymnosperms
Leaves pinnate Cycadophyta
Pinnae all about the same size or abruptly reduced towards the base. Leaves 2–12 in the crown, up to 100 cm long. Stems sunken in the ground
Rhachis straight or twisted through an angle of up to 180o
Pinnae secund, rising almost vertically from the rhachis, sometimes glaucous, with pink or pale callous base; rhachis recurved at the tip; petiole concave above. Male cones cylindrical to ellipsoid, 15–20 cm long, 4–5 cm diam. Female cones cylindrical to ovoid, 15–25 cm long, 7–9 cm diam. Seeds c. 3 cm long, red when ripe. Blue Mts. Open forests Macrozamia secunda